thinking fast and slow. #1

intuitive heuristic -

intuition is nothing more than recognition. valid intuition developed when experts have learned to recognition familiar elements in new situations. the angular essence of this, is when we faced with hard question ( should i invest in his stock ), we end up answering the easy one ( do I like him )

the characters -

system 1 - the unconscious, uncontrolled, impulsive monkey mind.
system 2 - the sane and lazy mind.

system 1 continuously generate suggestion for system 2, impression intiuation, impression and feeling. if endoresed by system 2, impression and intiuition turns into beliefs.

both are drawing from the same pool of attention. most of the time what you say is originated from system 1, and usually system 2 has the last word.

system 1 makes systamatic errors like it can not be turned off.

for arrow example, you must learn to mistrust the intuations of system 1. once you learn it you will not be fooled, yet you will still see one line longer than other

. #

attention and effort -

operations of system 2 is effortful and main characterstic is laziness, as a consequese that actions and thought that system 2 thinks has choosen often guided by system1. the effort that system 2 makes can be seen in the size of puplis. time pressure is another force.

the lazy controller -

one of the main function of system 2 is monitor and control thoughts and actions suggested by system 1. allowing some to be expressed and other to be suppressed.

self control and deliberate thought draws on the same limited budget of effort. system1 has more influence on behavior when system2 is busy or depleted

it couples with the idea of congantive ease. most of the time this system 1 suggestion is not right but it is easy as hell to not really invest effort.

associative machine -

banna vomit : isn’t that triggers the image in your mind that trigger feeling, that trigger emotion that trigger feeling, that triggers the facial expression ( you think fromt the body ) and you have no control over it. this is the working of system 1.

this complex response occured, quickly, automatically and effortlessly. you did not will it and you can not stop it. mere conjuction of two words and system 1 treated it as representation of reality.

the another interseting phenomina is priming. mentioning the word old age ( directly or indirectly ) will make you walk slow. if you nod positively, it will make you believe what you are saying. things that happens in system 1, you have no direct access to them,

cognative ease -

when you are state in cognative ease, you are probably in a good mood, like what you see, believe what you hear. trust your intuition and feel the current situation is comforatably familiar, you are also likely to be relatively causal and superficial. it seems like the feature of system 1 is that congnative ease is associated with good feeling

illusion of familiarity happens when you read something that you already know, it is this quality of pastness that you will see it more clearly. and it generates this cognative ease that gives the impression of familiarity.

when no good answer comes to mind, all people have to go by with congnative ease, the one which looks more familiar. this impression of familiarity is what system 2 depends for judgement, so anything that makes associative machine runs smoothly have biased judgement. even the font and clearity help in congnative ease. repetation induced cognative ease and a comforting feeling of familiarity.

creativity can also be defined as reomote association

Norms, surprise and causes

the main function of system 1 is to maintian and update a model of a personal world, which represent what is normal in it. suprise is a sensitive link that shows what is normal in our world, interestingly surprising event is not surprising second time now it has become part of normality.

system 1 is not just associative machine but also coherent, it forms story, it creates it using fragmented cause. like linking late and anger together.

system is ready even eager to identify agents, assign them personality, traits and intention and view thier actions as expressing individual propensity,

A machine for jumping conclusion

system 1 likes to jump to the conclusion, and it is ok if the cost of occasional mistake is fine, and conclusions are likely to be right. but when stakes are high and situation is unfamiliar and information is scare it can be very risky.

the problem is it will resolve ambiguity without knowing in order to jump to conclusion.

when uncertain system 1 bets on an answer, and the bet is guided by exeperince, the rules are current context and recent event have most weight. the process is internal and only one interpretation comes to mind. you are not even aware of the alternative that were rejected.

if system2 is otherwise engaged we will believe anything because system 1 is gullible and biased to believe and system2 is incharge of doubting and unbelieving but system2 is sometime busy and often lazy.the operation of associative memory contribute to general confiramtion bias. is sam friendly ? is sam unfriendly ?

the halo effect, if you like joan you will retrieve feeling of liking her and you like generosity and by association you are now predisposed to believe that jhon is generous. same way intial trait of list changes the very meaning of later traits. this also tilt the direction of ambiguity. this incress the weight of first impression. if the first impression is good we end of giving benefit of doubt when situation is ambigiuous.

an essential design feature of the associative machine is that it represents only activated ideas. information that is not retrieved from memory might as well not exist. and it is very good at constructing the best possible story that incorprate the ideas currently activated. and than it has to jump to conclusion. intellegent is good, intellegent and strong is very good. you will often find that knowing little makes it eaiser to fit everything you know into a coherent pattern.

how judgement happens

good mood and congnative ease are human equivalent of assenment of saftey and familiaity, how dominant and trustworthy that person is.

an underlying scale of intensity allows matching across diverse dimension.

answering the easy question

the normal state of mind is you have intutive feeling and opnione about everything that comes into your way. you like dislike people long before you know them.

if the satisfactory answer to a hard question does not comes to mind, system 1 will find a related question that is eaiser and answer that. like upon to judge probability pople actually judge something else and believe thay have judged probablity. system1 often makes this move when forced with difficult question. and than it uses intensity matching to convert result.

the judgement based on substittution is inevitably be biased in predictable ways. because of wysiati the present state of mind looms very high when people evaluate happiness.

system 2 is more of an apologist for the emotions of system 1 than critic. an endorser rather than enforcer. an active coherence seeking system 1 suggests solution to an undemanding system 2.